At the heart of the news, Coronaviruses continue to plague the world and faced with their regular genomic evolution, different mammal species are involved including the humankind.

Until then coronaviruses were mainly in the animal world except from the previous two episodes in China and the Middle East. Coronaviruses recombine and mutate, resulting in abrupt major tropism changes (modified tropism of target tissue, change of host) illustrated in animals by many respiratory or enteritic pathologies. Their remarkable resistance for a virus known as “enveloped” emanates from this crown of spicules (the spicules are composed of three very long proteins giving a structure in the shape of “golf club”. The set of “golf clubs” forms the crown characteristic of this viral family. These long proteins forming the spicules undergo a maturation to better penetrate the target cell (hence the importance of proteases which can be a receptor). Spicules are the main key of the virus to penetrate a cell. It’s the target of neutralizing antibodies (and a target for inhibitors too.) characteristic in electron microscopy and coupled with a coating of highly protective sugars (an almost double crown!).

The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19 to denote the disease) surprises by the extent of its development in a few weeks. Of course, the modes of transport are at the origin of these large displacements of the virus but its relay reservoir or host remains enigmatic. What is its origin? Why did it emerge in this city in China? What is its real penetration in the human population (need for indirect and direct tests at low cost, sensitivity of direct tests to improve)? A complex antiviral immune response appears, what is the link with pathogenicity? What inhibitors can block it apart from the neutralizing antibodies already published? What vaccine approaches for in a few years? How to make citizens accept confinement measures hitherto reserved for health professionals or security laboratory professionals? What impact on human behavior after the end of the pandemic? How can we better anticipate through research (think of the overall cost generated by COVID-19 compared to the cost of research)?

So many questions whose list is very incomplete but which are at the heart of the concept “One world, one medicine, one health” in infectiology.

In this section we will put on line various important sites giving access to calls for projects, practical information, summaries, reviews.